According to the different filling and filling methods, the filling process is divided into dry filling, water sand filling and cement filling.
1 ) Dry filling
China as early as the 1950s on the use to process waste for the purpose of filling process waste rock dry, dry waste rock filling method has become one of China's major mining method in the early 1950s, such as non-ferrous metals in 1955 The application rate of this method in underground mining mines is as high as 54.8%. Dry filling is a process of transporting dry filling materials such as excavated waste rock into transportation to be filled by transportation equipment. Because of its low efficiency, small production capacity and high labor intensity, it can no longer meet the “three strong†(strong mining, strong Out, strong charge) the need for mining production. Therefore, since 1956, the proportion of domestic dry filling methods has been declining year by year. By 1963, the output of non-ferrous mines only accounted for 0.7%, and it was in a phase of being eliminated.
2 ) Water sand filling
Water sand filling is to add the filling aggregate to water to make the mortar with lower concentration, and use the pipeline, chute, drilling and other self-flow to the filling point to fill the process. In the water sand filling, the water is only used as the carrier of the conveying material. After filling the goaf, the filling material remains in the goaf, the water seeps out, flows into the water tank along the roadway ditch, and percolates through the drainage and mud discharging facilities. The clean water and the fine mud that is lost with the clear water are discharged from the surface. Our water is sand filling technology from the 1960s began to use in 1965 in a tin ore mine south in order to control a large area ground pressure, the first time the tailings water filling process, effectively slowing the surface subsidence.
3 ) Cementation filling
Dry filling and water sand filling are all non-cement filling. Because non-cemented fillings have no self-supporting ability, it is difficult to meet the high recovery rate and low depletion rate of mining technology. In the 1960s and 1970s, China began to develop and apply. Cement filling technology. Cementation filling is a process in which a cementitious material (generally cement), aggregate, and water are mixed to form a slurry having a higher concentration, which is transported by a bore or a pipe, and is self-flowing or pressurized to a place to be filled for filling. After the cement mortar filled in the stope is cured for a certain period of time, it becomes a solidified body to control the ground pressure. In the cementation filling, water is the carrier of the conveying material. After filling the goaf, except for a part of the cement hydration reaction, the excess water is percolated through the dewatering water facility, and flows into the water tank along the roadway ditch through the drainage. And the mud discharge facility discharges the filtered water and the fine mud lost with the clean water to the surface.
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