Figure 1 is the electrical schematic of the X62W horizontal general milling machine. The machine has three motors in total: M1 is the spindle motor, and electrical control is required to achieve the start control and rapid stop of the brake control. In order to complete the down milling and the up milling, the forward and reverse rotation control is also required. In addition, the spindle needs to be braked temporarily. Complete the variable speed operation.
M2 is the table feed motor, X62W universal milling machine has a horizontal table and a circular table, in which the horizontal table can achieve longitudinal feed (with two feed directions left and right), horizontal feed (with two feed before and after In the direction of), vertical feed (with two feed directions) and four rotations of the round table, the milling machine can only perform one feed motion at the same time (two or more feed motions cannot be realized on a common milling machine). Linkage), through the horizontal table operating handle, rotary table switch, vertical feed operation handle, cross multi-function control handle selection, after selection M2 positive and negative is the feed of the selected feed two feed direction.
YA is a fast traction electromagnet. When the fast traction solenoid coil is energized, the traction electromagnet pulls the connection control member in the quick clutch, so that the horizontal table and the quick clutch are connected to achieve rapid movement. When the YA is powered off, the horizontal table is disengaged from the quick clutch, and recovery is slow. Move quickly.
M3 is the cooling pump motor. The cooling pump motor can only be started after the spindle motor M1 is started.
Fig.1 Electrical schematic of X62W horizontal general milling machine
Second, the power circuit read 1. The three-phase power supply of the main shaft rotation circuit passes through the FU1 fuse, and the main circuit of the X62W universal milling machine is introduced by the power isolating switch QS. In the spindle rotation area, FR1 is the heating element of the thermal relay, which acts as an overload protection.
When the KM3 main contact is closed and the KM2 main contact is disconnected, the SA5 combination switch has three switching positions of milling, stopping, and up milling, respectively controlling the forward, stop, and reverse rotation of the M1 main motor. Once the KM3 main contact is disconnected and the KM2 main contact is closed, the supply current is reversed by the KM2 main contact and the two-phase current limiting resistor R with the KS speed relay.
The KS speed relay detecting element coaxially mounted to the main motor monitors the speed of the main motor and controls the closing and opening of the speed relay contacts KS1 and KS2 in the control circuit according to the speed of the main motor.
2. When the main contact of the feed movement circuit KM4 is closed and the KM5 main contact is open, the M2 motor rotates forward. Conversely, when the KM4 main contact opens and the KM5 main contact closes, the M2 motor reverses.
During M2 positive reversal, when the KM6 main contact is in the disconnected state, the worktable is connected with the M2 motor through the slow transmission route in the gear transmission, and the worktable is used for slow automatic feed; once the KM6 main contact is closed, The YA fast feed magnet is energized. The worktable is connected with the M2 motor through the fast motion transmission path in the electromagnetic clutch and the gearbox, and the worktable moves quickly.
3. The main contacts of the cooling pump circuit KM1 are closed, and the M3 cooling pump motor runs in one direction; when KM1 is disconnected, M3 stops. In the main circuit, M1, M2, and M3 are all full-voltage starters.
Third, control circuit readingThe primary side of the TC transformer is connected to the AC voltage, and the secondary side receives 127V and 36V two-phase two-phase alternating currents, of which 36V supplies the lighting line, and 127V is used for the control line.
1. Spindle motor control 1) Spindle motor full-voltage start Spindle motor M1 adopts full-voltage start mode. Before start, the motor switch is selected by combination switch SA5. When the SQ71 is disconnected in the control line and SQ72 is closed, the spindle motor is in normal operation mode.
Press SB1 or SB2, through 3, 8, 12, SB1 (or SB2), 13, 14 branch, KM3 coil is connected, and the KM3 normally open auxiliary contact of 16 area is closed to form self-locking. In the spindle rotation circuit, the KM3 main contact is closed, and the main motor M1 is started according to the steering direction selected by SA5.
2) Spindle Motor Brake Control When SB3 or SB4 is pressed, the KM3 coil is de-energized due to the disconnection of the branch, causing the KM3 main contact in the spindle rotation circuit to be disconnected.
Since the 11th zone and the 13th zone of the control line are respectively connected with two contacts KS1 (forward contact) and KS2 (reverse contact) controlled by the KS speed relay. While pressing SB3 or SB4, there is always a contact in the KS1 or KS2 contact that is in a closed state due to the higher spindle speed, ie KS1 is closed during forward braking and KS2 is closed during reverse braking. When the brake is forwarded through 8, SB3, 11, 9, KM3, and 10 branches, reverse braking through 8, SB4, 9, KM3, and 10 branches will all energize the KM2 coil, causing the spindle to rotate in the circuit. The KM2 main contact is closed.
When the KM3 main contact is disconnected in the main shaft rotation circuit, the KM2 main contact is closed, and the current-limiting reverse braking current is connected to the spindle motor M1. This current generates a braking torque in the M1 motor rotor to offset the KM3. The inertial torque on the rotor after the main contact opens causes M1 to rapidly decelerate.
When the M1 speed is close to zero speed, the KS1 or KS2 contact that was originally closed will be disconnected, and the KM2 coil will be powered off due to the disconnection of the branch, so that the braking torque in the rotor can be removed in time to stop the spindle motor M1. turn.
SB1 and SB3, SB2 and SB4 two pairs of buttons are located on the X62W universal milling machine two operating panels, to achieve the two-axis operation control of the spindle motor M1.
3) Spindle shift brake control Spindle shifting can be performed while the spindle is stopped or when the spindle is running. When the spindle is in the running state, pulling out the shift operation handle will cause the variable speed switches SQ71 and SQ72 to be activated, that is, SQ71 is closed and SQ72 is opened. The SQ72 is the first to disconnect the branch of the KM3 coil in Zone 12. The SQ71 then passes through the 3, 7, KM3, and 10 branches to energize the KM2 coil in Zone 15.
In the spindle rotation circuit, the KM3 main contact is first disconnected, the KM2 main contact is closed, and the main motor M1 is reversely braked. The rotation speed is rapidly reduced and stopped to ensure the smooth progress of the spindle speed change process.
After the main shaft shift is completed, the shift operation handle is pushed back, the KM2 main contact first breaks, the KM3 main contact is closed, and the spindle motor M1 re-runs at the new rotation speed.
2. The KM3 coil can be energized only when the feed motor M2 controls only one of the three contacts SB1, SB2, and KM3 in zones 14 to 16 remain closed. After the coil KM3 is energized, the feed control zone and the rapid feed zone Only part of the control circuit can access the current. That is, the X62W universal milling machine's feed motion and tool holder rapid movement can only be performed after the spindle motor starts running.
1) Horizontal feed table longitudinal feed control Before the horizontal feed table left and right longitudinal feed, the cross compound handle on the machine control panel pulls to the “middle†position, so that the work bench and the transverse forward and backward feed mechanical clutch, and the vertical feed The mechanical clutch is disengaged, and the rotary switch SA1 of the rotary table is placed in the "off" position, so that the rotating mechanical clutch of the rotary table and the rotary table is also in a disengaged state. After the above operations are completed, the vertical feed movement of the horizontal table can be controlled by the longitudinal operation handle and the combination of the travel switches SQ1 and SQ2.
The vertical operation handle has left, stop, and right three operating positions. When the handle is pulled to the "intermediate" position, the longitudinal mechanical clutch is disengaged, and the travel switches SQ11 (19 zone), SQ12 (20 zone), SQ21 (21 zone), SQ22 (20 zone) are not pressed, and the KM4 and KM5 coils are both In the power-off state, the KM4 and KM5 main contacts are disconnected in the main circuit, the motor M2 cannot rotate, and the work table is in a stopped state.
When the vertical handle is turned to the "right" position, the longitudinal feed mechanical clutch is closed and the travel switch SQ1 is depressed (SQ11 closed and SQ12 open). Because SA1 is placed in the "disconnected" position, SA11 is closed, and the branch of SQ62, SQ42, SQ32, SA11, SQ11, 17, and 18 is used to energize the KM4 coil. The motor M2 rotates forward and the table moves to the right.
When the vertical handle is turned to the “left†position, SQ2 will be depressed to close SQ21 and SQ22 will be turned off. The branch of SQ62, SQ42, SQ32, SA11, SQ21, 19, and 20 will energize the KM5 coil and the motor M2 will reverse. Workbench to the left.
2) horizontal table horizontal feed control When the vertical handle is pulled to the "intermediate" position, the circular table switch is set to the "off" position, SA11, SA13 is connected, the table feed movement through the cross composite handle Different job location choices and SQ3, SQ4 combinations are determined.
When the cross compound handle is pulled to the “front†position, the transverse feed mechanical clutch is closed and SQ3 is pressed to close SQ31 and SQ32 is opened. Since SA11, SA13 are connected, the pass 15, SA13, SQ22, SQ12, 16 The branch circuit of SA11, SQ31, 17, and 18 energizes the KM4 coil, the motor M2 rotates forward, and the worktable moves forward laterally.
When the cross compound handle is pulled to the rear position, the transverse feed mechanical clutch will be closed and SQ4 will be pressed to close SQ41 and SQ42 will be opened. Because SA11 and SA13 are connected, the pass 15, SA13, SQ22, SQ12, 16 The branch of SA11, SQ41, 19, and 20 energizes the KM5 coil, the motor M2 reverses, and the table moves back and forth.
3) Horizontal table lifting feed control When the cross compound handle is pulled to “up†position, the lifting feed mechanical clutch will be closed and SQ3 will be pressed to close SQ31 and SQ32 will be disconnected. Because SA11 and SA13 are connected, 15, SA13, SQ22, SQ12, 16, SA11, SQ31, KM5 The auxiliary branch of the normally closed auxiliary contact causes the KM4 coil to be energized. The motor M2 rotates forward and the table moves upwards.
When the cross compound handle is moved to the “back†position, the lifting feed mechanical clutch is closed and SQ4 is pressed to close SQ41 and SQ42 is opened. Since SA11 and SA13 are connected, the pass 15, SA13, SQ22, SQ12, 16 , SA11, SQ41, KM4 Normally closed auxiliary contact branches to energize the KM5 coil, motor M2 reversed, the table down.
4) Horizontal jog quick jog control
Figure 2 AC Traction Electromagnet Structure
1- Guide 2 - Cushion 3 - Moving Core 4 - Shorting Ring 5 - Product Nameplate 6 - Yoke
7-mounting surface 8-mounting hole 9-coil 10-lead 11-lead wire
When the horizontal table moves in left, right, front, back, and bottom directions, if the SB5 or SB6 is pressed and the KM6 coil is energized, the KM6 main contact is closed in the main circuit and the traction solenoid coil YA is energized, so the horizontal table is connected quickly. The clutch moves quickly in the selected direction. When the SB5 or SB6 button is released, rapid movement stops and slow motion is resumed. Traction solenoid structure shown in Figure 2.
5) Horizontal table feed interlock control is performed only for one of the vertical operation handles (selecting the left and right feed directions) and the cross composite operation handle (selecting the front, rear, top, and bottom feed directions). In operation, one can only select one direction of feed motion, and if two handles are operated at the same time, it is necessary to avoid interference of the motion of the horizontal table through electrical interlocking.
Since the normally closed contacts of the SQ22 and SQ12 controlled by the vertical handle are serially connected in a branch of the 20 zone, the normally closed contacts of the SQ42 and SQ32 controlled by the cross composite operating handle are serially connected in a branch of the 19 zone. If the vertical operation handle and the cross composite operation handle are operated at the same time, the two branches will be cut at the same time, and neither the KM4 nor the KM5 coil can be energized, and the table drive motor M2 cannot start operation.
6) When the horizontal table feeds the variable speed control, the mushroom-shaped handwheel that controls the speed of the worktable will be pulled outwards, and the switch SQ6 will be activated to disconnect the SQ62 first, and the coil KM4 or KM5 will be de-energized; then the SQ61 will be closed again and the KM4 coil will pass. 15, SQ61, 17, KM4 coil, KM5 normally closed contact branch power, leading to M2 instantaneous stall, then forward rotation. If M2 is stopped, the above operation causes M2 to rotate forward.
After the mushroom handwheel rotates to the required feed speed, the handwheel is pushed back to the home position. During this operation, the SQ61 is first disconnected and the SQ62 is closed, and the horizontal table moves at the new feedrate.
7) Circular table motion control In order to expand the machining capability of the X62W universal milling machine, a circular table can be mounted on a horizontal table. When using the circular table, the vertical operation handle of the table and the cross composite operation handle are in the middle position, and the circular table change-over switch SA1 is placed in the “on†position. At this time, the SA12 is closed and the SA11 and SA13 are disconnected. 15. The branches of SQ62, SQ42, SQ32, 16, SQ12, SQ22, SA12, 17, and 18 energize the coil of KM4. The forward rotation of the motor M2 drives the circular table to rotate in one direction. The rotation speed of the coil can also be changed by the handwheel. adjust.
Since the normally closed auxiliary contacts such as SQ42, SQ32, SQ12, and SQ22 are serially connected in the control branch of the circular table, when the feed operation handle in any direction of the horizontal table is pulled, the round table stops rotating. movement.
3. When the cooling pump motor M3 controls the SA3 switch in the “ON†position, the KM1 coil is energized and the KM1 main contacts in the main circuit of the cooling pump are closed, and the cooling pump motor M3 starts the liquid supply. When SA3 is set to the "OFF" position, M3 stops supplying fluid.
4. Lighting circuit and protection section The local lighting of the machine is supplied with 36V safe voltage by TC transformer, and the switch SA4 controls the lighting.
When the spindle motor M1 is overloaded, FR1 action interrupts the power supply of the entire control circuit; when the feed motor M2 is overloaded, the FR2 action switches off its own control power; when the cooling pump motor M3 is overloaded, FR3 action can disconnect the M2 , M3 control power.
FU1, FU2 realize the short-circuit protection of the main circuit, FU3 realizes the short-circuit protection of the control circuit, and FU4 is used to realize the short-circuit protection of the lighting circuit.
The symbols and functions of each electrical component in the X62W universal milling machine electrical diagram are shown in the following table.
Table X62W universal milling machine electrical components symbols and their functions
Electrical component symbol
Name and use
Electrical component symbol
Name and use
M1
Spindle motor
SQ6
Feed speed control switch
M2
Feed motor
SQ7
Spindle speed change brake switch
M3
Cooling pump motor
SA1
Round table switch
KM1
Cooling pump motor start-stop control contactor
SA3
Cooling pump switch
KM2
Reverse brake control contactor
SA4
Light switch
KM3
Main motor start-stop control contactor
SA5
Spindle reversing switch
KM4, KM5
Feed motor forward and reverse control contactor
QS
Power switch
KM6
Quick-moving control contactor
SB1, SB2
Spindle start button divided in two places
KS
Speed ​​relay
SB3, SB4
Spindle stop button divided in two places
YA
Fast moving magnet coil
SB5, SB6
Workbench quick move button
R
Current limiting resistor
FR1
Spindle motor thermal relay
SQ1
Table feed switch to the right
FR2
Feed motor thermal relay
SQ2
Workbench left feed limit switch
FR3
Cooling pump thermal relay
SQ3
Workbench forward and upward feed travel switch
TC
transformer
SQ4
Workbench backward and downward feed travel switch
FU1~FU4
Fuse
Fourth, the task
Describe the control principle of the XA6132 electrical control circuit; check the electrical control circuit.
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