Recently, Japan’s Fukushima nuclear leak caused by the earthquake seemed to turn nuclear energy from angels to devils overnight. The new energy that was originally thought to be the cleanest, the most environmentally friendly, and the most cost-effective has become the target of all populations. Even many people have proposed that the world should stop the development of nuclear energy and prohibit the construction of new nuclear power plants. However, in the overwhelming doubts, the greater worry does not come from whether or not nuclear energy should be developed. Instead, it is how to develop nuclear energy. After all, everyone will not drink milk because of a problem with a glass of milk, or even cows.
First of all, it can be confirmed that Japan’s nuclear crisis originated from natural disasters, and it is even more a man-made disaster. As we all know, Japan is a country with extremely scarce resources. Basic energy such as oil and natural gas is completely dependent on imports. However, the rapid development of Japanese industry also determines that it must find more effective ways to obtain energy. Under such circumstances, nuclear energy seems to be the right choice. However, the problem is that in Japan only 370,000 square kilometers of land, it has built 57 nuclear power plants. A nuclear power plant has 4-6 reactors, ie more than 300 reactors in the country. Although the amount of power delivered can meet more than one-third of the total demand in Japan, the operation of nuclear power requires long-term continuous investment. Only the processing of nuclear waste, because of the half-life of this material for thousands of years and even tens of thousands of years, so most of the way to use on-site storage, which means that there must be a dedicated agency and staff for its long-term Monitoring and maintenance. Currently, there is a 100-watt atomic test furnace in Musashi Institute of Technology located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, which has been suspended due to radiation leakage due to aging. As a result, the calculated repair cost is as high as 2 billion yen, and the spent furnace costs 6 billion yen, which exceeds the university's full-year budget. However, Japan must guarantee the smooth operation and daily maintenance of so many nuclear power plants throughout the country. It is clear that the price/performance ratio is not very high.
The most prosperous period of nuclear energy development should be during the 20 years from 1960 to 1980. With the increasing demand for electricity in the world and the arrival of the first oil crisis, the whole world has set off a climax to build nuclear power plants. In 1960, the world's electricity generation was less than 1 billion watts, and by 1980 it had soared to 300 billion watts. However, with the past of the oil crisis, nuclear power began to gradually ebb. By 1978, the United States had planned to build 253 nuclear power plants and invested hundreds of billions of dollars. However, 3/5 of these nuclear power stations were not completed and many of the completed nuclear power plants were insufficient. Until now, only 104 nuclear power plants have survived. In particular, as more and more new energy technologies mature, people begin to treat new energy development more calmly.
The United States had quarreled with the construction of the reactors of No. 3 and No. 4 nuclear power plants in Vogttel in 2010. The cost of the two projects at that time was estimated to be between US$12 billion and US$14 billion. Assuming a construction cost of US$14 billion, the resulting electricity price will be US$6,000 per kilowatt, which will far exceed that of other power plants that use various renewable or non-renewable energy sources. For example, the cost of generating electricity from wind energy locally is also About 2500 U.S. dollars per kilowatt, and if it is natural gas, then this figure will be 950-1175 U.S. dollars. So although the U.S. government has shifted its policy towards nuclear power, many domestic companies and taxpayers believe that they should choose more economical and practical energy based on local advantages. In an interview with the New York Times reporter at the time, Severin Bronstmann, co-director of the Energy Research Institute of the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, said: "The prime mover of the nuclear renaissance is low-cost and low-carbon. However, it turns out Its cost is not as low as its proponents say, and the average public is not only concerned about whether it is low-carbon, so it is too early to say that the era of traditional energy has passed."
Compared with the United States, Japan's entire terrain section is located above the seismic zone. Not only that, but it is also threatened by natural disasters such as tsunami and volcanic eruptions at any time. This also means that the cost of operation and protection required by Japan to build a nuclear power plant is much higher than in many other countries and the risk is much greater. Therefore, it is more necessary to carefully consider your new energy layout.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the United States has launched a plan to replace fossil fuels with bio-energy. At that time, ethanol was mainly extracted from corn as the main fuel. Ethanol is indeed a clean fuel that does not produce any pollution. However, at the time, the process was not only able to extract very little ethanol, but also directly added to the burden on agriculture. In the “Energy Outlook of 2008†released by the US Department of Energy at that time, it was mentioned that by 2030 biofuels will produce 15 billion gallons of ethanol from corn. But this 15 billion gallons of ethanol will only meet 5.6% of automotive fuel demand by 2030. The US Department of Energy data also showed that the biofuel program is also a meager force to reduce the US’s dependence on overseas energy resources: In 2030, US liquid oil imports accounted for 54% of consumption, a decrease of only 6% from 60% in 2006, and the decline is very limited. .
Moreover, how much corn is needed to produce 15 billion gallons of ethanol alone: ​​On the basis of the conversion rate of 2.7 gallons of ethanol per bushel of corn, 155 billion gallons of ethanol will need to consume 5.6 billion bushels of corn, which was used by the United States for ethanol production in 2006-2007. The amount of corn is 2.7 times, accounting for 50% of the total US corn production in 2006-2007. Since more than half of corn produced in the United States is used in the feed industry, the bioenergy project indicates that the United States will face a huge gap between the supply and demand of corn.
Maize has a special position in agricultural production: on the one hand, it has a strong price correlation with other major food crops. On the other hand, corn is an important feed, and its price rise will lead to chain meat, eggs and milk. Such as food prices, so the rise in corn prices will also lead to an overall increase in agricultural prices, which is obviously lost watermelon sesame seeds.
In China, non-polluting and renewable new energy sources have become more and more respected and favored in recent years, and the related manufacturing industries necessary for the development of new energy sources have also gradually emerged, and the development momentum is getting more and more fierce. Almost all of China's major automotive provinces are planning to build new energy vehicles, and many regions where the auto industry is underdeveloped are also eager to try. At one time, the development of new energy vehicles formed an upsurge in the country. Coincidentally, photovoltaic industry, wind power equipment manufacturing industry is even more so. Therefore, this nuclear crisis in Japan has also sounded a wake-up call for everyone. In the process of developing new energy sources in the future, all people must deal more rationally with the development and use of new energy sources, consider the actual economic value of energy development, and avoid new disasters.
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